Donald D. Price BiographyDonald D. Price was born in Pasadena California (1942), received his Ph.D. in neurophysiology from the University of California, Davis in 1969, and received postdoctoral training at the Brain Research Institute at UCLA (1970). He then moved east where he was Professor of neurophysiology and psychology at Virginia Commonwealth University (Medical College of Virginia, Physiology and Anesthesiology Departments, 1971-74; 1980-1997), Psychologist and Neurobiologist at National Institutes of Health (NIDR, 1974-1979), and Professor at the University of Florida (Oral Surgery and Neuroscience Departments, 1997-present). He has combined the disciplines of neuroscience, psychology, and experiential science to increase understanding of the neural and psychological basis of pain. This contribution includes general topics such as 1) the dorsal horn encoding of pain-related information, 2) modulation of pain by central nervous system and psychological mechanisms (e.g. placebo, hypnosis), 3) sensory and emotional dimensions of pain, 4) characterization of pathological mechanisms of pain in patients with persistent pain conditions (complex regional pain syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, and fibromyalgia), and 5) central mechanisms of opioid analgesia and tolerance. In addition to pain research, he has helped construct an experiential method that has been used to research human emotions. His later work has focused on integrating experiential science, neurobiology, and philosophy to increase understanding of consciousness (see 19 below). Donald Price is senior author or co-author of over 300 publications in major peer-reviewed journals, book chapters, and books. His publications have been cited 17,746 times (H-factor 71) as of December 2012. He has received several national and international awards and honors, including the John J. Bonica Award from the Eastern Pain Association, the Founder's Award from the American Academy of Pain Medicine, and the Frederick L. Kerr Award from the American Pain Society for distinguished achievement in basic science. His latest book with Jim Barrell, "Inner Experience and Neuroscience", reflects the main ideas of both authors. Representative publications (From 305) (Those with astericks * are citation classics) 1. Price, D.D. Characteristics of second pain and flexion reflexes indicative of prolonged central summation. Exptl. Neurol., 37:371 387, 1972. *2. Mayer, D.J., Price, D.D., and Rafii, A.: Naloxone reversal of acupuncture analgesia in man. Brain Res. 121: 368 372, 1977. 3. Price, D.D., Dubner, R., and Hu, J.: Trigeminothalamic neurons in nucleus caudalis responsive to tactile, thermal, and nociceptive stimulation of the monkey's face. J. Neurophysiol., 39: 936 953, 1976. 4. Price, D.D., Hu, J. W., Dubner, R., and Gracely, R.: Peripheral suppression of first pain and central summation of second pain evoked by noxious heat pulses. Pain, 3: 57¬-68, 1 977. 5. Price, D.D., Hayes, R.L., Ruda, M.A., and Dubner, R.: Spatial and temporal transformations of input to spinothalamic tract neurons and their relationships to somatic sensations. J. *6. Price, D.D., McGrath, P. A., Rafii, A., and Buckingham, B.: The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain. Pain, 17: 45-¬60, 1983. 7. Price, D.D., Barrell, J. E., and Barrell, J.J.: A quantitative experiential analysis of human emotions. Motivation and Emotion 9: 19 38, 1985. *8. Rainville, P., Duncan, G. H., Price, D. D., Carrier, B., and Bushnell, M. C., Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex. Science 277: 968-971, 1997.9. Price, D.D., Milling, L.S., Kirsch, I., Duff, A., Montgomery G.H., and Nicholls, S.S., Ananalysis of factors that contribute to the magnitude of placebo analgesia in an experimental context. Pain 1999; 83(2): 147-156.10. Price DD, Craggs J, Verne, GN, Perlstein, WM, Robinson ME. Placebo analgesia is accompanied by large reductions in pain-related brain activity in irritable bowel syndrome patients. Pain.127:63-72 (2007).11. Staud RM, Craggs J, Robinson ME, Perlstein WM, and Price DD. Brain activity related to temporal summation of C-fiber evoked pain. Pain (2006) 129(1,2):130-142. 12. Vase L, Nørskov, K. N, Petersen GL, Price DD. Patients' direct experiences as central elements of placebo analgesia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2011 Jun 27;366(1572):1913-21.*13. Mayer, D.J., Price, D.D.: Central nervous system mechanisms of analgesia. Pain. 2: 379 404, 1976. *14. Price, D.D., Dubner, R.: Neurons that subserve the sensory discriminative aspects of pain. Pain, 3:307 388, 1977. *15. Price, D. D. Psychological and neural mechanisms of the affective dimension of pain. Science, 288 (5472): 1769-1772, 2000.16. Price DD, Finnis DG, Benedetti F. A comprehensive review of the placebo effect: recent advances and current thought. Annu Rev Psychol. (2008) 59:565-590.17. Price, D.D. Psychological Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia. IASP Press, 1999, 250 pp.18. Price, D.D. Psychological and Neural Mechanisms of Pain. Raven Press, N.Y., 241 pp. 1988. 19. Price, D. D. and Barrell, J. J. Inner Experience and Neuroscience. Merging Both Perspectives. M. I. T. Press, Cambridge, MA, 2012.