During the early decades of the 20th century, many intellectuals devoted attention to the idea of what a "Superman" would look like. (George Bernard Shaw is a prominent example). After a while, the emphasis shifted; the Nazis gave the word unpleasant associations, though Professors Siegel and Shuster luckily managed to save it from oblivion with their discovery that the
Übermensch would carry a cape and wear his underpants on the outside, an important point that had somehow escaped Nietzsche's attention. A strange example of the cross-over between these two streams was Olaf Stapledon. A professor of philosophy by day, I'm guessing that his conception of the
Übermensch probably started off at the Nietzsche end; but his science-fiction, which is the only thing that people now remember him for, also contains elements vaguely reminding you of the Son of Krypton.
Most of Stapledon's books explore the Superman theme in one form or another. In his most famous works,
Last and First Men and the sequel
Star Maker, we see the future evolution of the human race, and later on the evolution of all life in the Universe, towards its godlike conclusion.
Odd John is a more standard guy-with-amazing-powers story, though a considerably more intelligent one than average. And in
Sirius, a book that deserves to be better known, he turns it round. It's unfortunately impossible to imagine what a Superman would be like, since we are only human; this is the insoluble problem at the heart of
Odd John. But suppose, instead, that human scientists managed to produce an
Überhund, a dog with human-like intelligence. What kind of life would it have? How would it relate to other dogs, and to people?
Stapledon did not have an optimistic take on things, and if you've read any of his other books then you've no doubt already guessed that this one is going to be tragic. But it's a surprisingly moving story, and Sirius is one of the great fictional dogs of literature. If you're a dog-lover yourself, consider putting it on your list.