Josephine Johnston is Director of Research and a Research Scholar at The Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institute in Garrison, New York, U.S.A. She holds degrees in law and bioethics from the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand and has worked as a bioethics researcher in the USA and Canada since 2001. Her research addresses controversial uses of medicine and biomedical technologies. In particular, she focuses on philosophical, practical and policy/law questions in reproductive medicine, psychiatry, and genetics and stem cell research. Josephine is currently PI on an NIH-funded project investigating the goals and practices for next-generation prenatal testing.