Prostitution was widespread in 19th-century Paris, and as French streets filled with prostitutes, French art and literature of the period paralleled this development. In this book, Hollis Clayson explains why she provides the first description and analysis of French artistic interest in women prostitutes, examining how the subject was treated in the art of the 1870s and 1880s by such avant-garde painters as Cezanne, Degas, Manet, and Renoir as well as by academic and low-brow painters who were their contemporaries. Clayson, illuminates not only the imagery of prostitution - with its contradictory connations of disgust and fascination, but also issues and problems relevant to women and men in patriarchal society. She discusses the conspicuous sexual commerce during this era and the resulting public panic about the deterioration of social life and mores. She describes the system that evolved of regulating prostitutes and the subsequent rise of clandestine prostitutes who escaped police regulation and who were condemned both for blurring social boundaries and for spreading sexual licentiousness in their moral and social superiors. Clayson argues that the subject of covert prostitution was especially attractive to vanguard painters because it embodied key notions of modernity - it exemplified the commercialization and the ambiguity of modern life.