The 2005 Surgeon General’s Workshop on Healthy Indoor Environment was conducted to: Enhance understanding of the public health consequences of the non-industrial indoor environment (e.g., homes, schools, office buildings); Provide information to the U.S. Surgeon General, the public, the medical community, and the public health community; and Provide the building design, construction, and ownership community with a better understanding of public health issues as they relate to the indoor environment. The workshop included presentations from experts in healthy indoor environment, federal officials, and advocacy organizations. The stated goals and objectives of the workshop were to: 1. Seek collaboration throughout the public health community in reducing indoor environmentally related communicable respiratory infections, asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and allergic diseases; and 2. Gain a better understanding of public health issues and research needs on this topic. The Surgeon General’s Workshop on Healthy Indoor Environment was the first activity to take place under the 2005 Year of The Healthy Child (YOTHC) agenda set by the Surgeon General. The YOTHC agenda provides for a year of examining issues surrounding the health and well being of children throughout the Nation and the world. Under this extremely comprehensive and aggressive single year agenda, the Office of the Surgeon General has taken a holistic approach, focusing efforts on the body, mind and spirit of the growing children. As a child grows, so do their health needs. The Office of the Surgeon General will address such issues as immunizations, childhood obesity, physical activity, illness and injury prevention, and the healthy indoor environment.