This Review describes the environment within which the transport sector is developing and principal challenges that it poses to governments, the industry and society at large. It traces the development of roads, railways, shipping ports, inland waterways, air transport industries and infrastructure in the region. Consideration is given to changing delivery mechanisms across all transport sectors and urban transport issues. The Review also examines transport facilitation initiatives like trade liberalization measures, transit and cross-border agreements, transport enterprises reform and developments in logistics and information technology.