Fatbrain Review Expanded, updated and completely revised, presents advanced concepts and analysis in the context of the most recent real machines. Describes basic principles while emphasizing cost/performance tradeoffs and good engineering design. Not an architectural survey, focuses on core concepts and instruction set principles via a generic RISC machine, DLX, and Intel 80x86 (IBM 360 and VAX have been eliminated). Discusses pipelining and parallelism, memory-hierarchy design, storage systems, interconnection networks and multiprocessors. Individual chapters are logically connected with real machine examples and contain sections on fallacies, pitfalls and architectural traps. A university text, supplementary material available. Good companion volume which enhances and elucidates related topics is Computer Organization & Design : The Hardware/Software Interface by the same authors.