The seventeen thought-provoking and engaging essays in this collection present readers with a wide range of diverse perspectives on the ontology of mathematics. The essays address such questions as: What kind of things are mathematical objects? What kinds of assertions do mathematical statements make? How do people think and speak about mathematics? How does society use mathematics? How have our answers to these questions changed over the last two millennia, and how might they change again in the future? The authors include mathematicians, philosophers, computer scientists, cognitive psychologists, sociologists, educators and mathematical historians; each brings their own expertise and insights to the discussion. Contributors to this volume:Jeremy AvigadJody AzzouniDavid H. BaileyDavid BerlinskiJonathan M. BorweinErnest DavisPhilip J. DavisDonald GilliesJeremy GrayJesper LützenUrsula MartinKay O’HalloranAlison PeaseSteven PiantadosiLance RipsMicah T. RossNathalie SinclairJohn StillwellHellen Verran