This is one of the first monographs to present a comprehensive study of the natural history of a single high-profile lizard species, the popular Malagasy panther chameleon. It is the first attempt to come to grips with the complex, often confusing, color variation of the species and illustrates these variations with 69 beautiful color photographs. The authors have drawn from the scattered literature, their extensive experience, and experimental study in the field and laboratory to provide original information and conclusions. They emphasize both the known and the unknown, presenting clear avenues for future investigation. They make a case for the panther chameleon as a model organism with value for research, education, herpetoculture, and conservation. This work also reviews the history of keeping chameleons in captivity and provides up-to-date guidelines for captive management of the panther chameleon based on the authors' own multigeneration captive colony.