• Kidney
• Ureters
• Urethras
• bladder

• Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stones. These stones are generally made of calcium and oxicate or calcium and phosphate. 
• Uric stones are more common in men. They develop when your urine is acidic. 
• Struvite stones can be caused due to an infection causing ammonia levels to increase in your urine. 
• Cystine stones are made of cystine a naturally occurring chemical occurring in our bodies. These stones occur very rarely and are caused due to a genetic disorder. 

• Pain during urination
• Blood in your urine
• Acute pain in the lower back or stomach
• Nausea and vomiting. 

• Low urine volume can be caused due to dehydration. Dehydration can be caused due to physical work, hot and humid weather conditions, and not drinking enough water. Concentrated urine prevents salts from dissolving in the fluid. 
• Diet can increase the risk of kidney stones. Calcium stones are caused due to high calcium levels in the urine. Higher calcium levels in urine can be because of the way our bodies handle calcium. A high protein diet and too much salt increase the chances of kidney stones.
• Obesity increases the risk of kidney stones.
• Medical conditions such as abnormal growth in your thyroid gland, gout, and renal tubular acidosis can increase the chances of kidney stones.
• Bowel condition like diarrhea, Crohn’s disease, or gastric bypass surgeries increases the risk of kidney stones. 
• Some medication and calcium and Vitamin C supplements increase the risk of kidney stones. 

• Blood tests at home to check the level of uric acid and calcium in the blood. 
• Urinalysis to examine the number of crystals, bacteria, blood, and white cells in your urine.
• Imaging tests such as X-rays, USG or CT scan. 
• Analyzing the stone passed. 

• Sound waves or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is used to break up the stone depending on its location and help it pass during urination.
• Ureteroscopy is used to remove stones from your kidney or urethrae. The instrument is a tube equipped with a camera, once the stone is located the stone is either grabbed or broken into smaller pieces with the help of special tools.
• A surgery called Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is used to remove a large stone from the kidney using a special instrument. It is used when the stone is too large to pass on its own.

Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome (PCOD) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women. The disorder affects women of reproductive age.  Women with PCOD may have longer and irregular menstrual cycles or excess male hormones. The ovaries may develop many follicles (a small collection of fluid) and fail to discharge the egg.

The condition can cause acne and excessive body hair. Many women suffer from the disorder but remain undiagnosed.

Symptoms and Causes

Symptoms of PCOD develop during puberty. PCOD can develop due to weight gain. The signs of the disorder can vary common symptoms are

• An irregular, prolonged, or missed menstrual cycle is the most common sign of the disease.
• Excessive male hormone called androgen may result in excessive facial and body hair. It may also lead to baldness and acne.
• Darkened skin or skin tags on your neck or armpits.
• Sore pelvic
• Weight gain

The exact cause of PCOD is not known the condition may be hereditary or genetic. The condition may be caused if you are insulin resistant. Excessive insulin may increase androgen production in your body.  Your ovaries may produce a high level of androgen resulting in excessive hair growth and acne. PCOD can be triggered by an increased level of inflammation or excessive white blood cells in the body.

You should book the best gynecologist in Patna if they are worried about your periods, are having trouble conceiving, or have excessive facial and body hair, excessive pimples or male pattern baldness. PCOD can have serious complications and should not be ignored.

Complications

PCOD causes infertility in many women. It increases complication such as premature birth or miscarriage.  PCOD can cause excessive bleeding during menstruation. The condition can increase the risk of endometrial cancer(cancer of uterine lining). PCOD leads to weight gain; around 80% of women with the condition are either obese or overweight. This, in turn, can cause serious health problems such as diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure.  PCOD may cause sleep apnea. Hormonal imbalance caused by PCOD may cause depression and anxiety disorder. Ziffytech will help you to find best gynecologist doctors in patna also you can find best Pediatrician in Patna and diagnostic center near you.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The best doctors in Patna will first review your medical history and complete physical examination. During the examination, they will ask you details about your menstrual cycle and examine you for the physical sign of PCOD.

The best gynecologist near me is likely to conduct a pelvic exam to inspect your ovaries and other reproductive organs for any abnormalities. They may order blood tests at home to check androgen levels, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and glucose level in your blood. The gynecologist may also order an ultrasound to check the appearance of the ovaries and uterus.

The treatment for PCOD focuses on managing your symptoms. The best gynecologist in Patna may order some lifestyle changes to help you lose weight. Research has shown 5-10% weight loss has improved the symptoms of the diseases. Losing weight will improve the effectiveness of the treatment. A combination of dieting and excising has been recommended for effective weight loss.

If you are trying to get pregnant the best gynecologist near me will try to prescribe hormonal birth control either medicines or skin patch. These medicines will help to regularize your periods and reduce symptoms such as hair growth. The doctor may prescribe fertility medication to help you get pregnant.

Your gynecologist may prescribe diabetes medication to reduce insulin resistance, control ovulation, and to assist you with your weight loss.