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text 2020-02-27 09:47
A second chance at life: The importance of organ donation



Organ donation is the process when people allow their organs to be removed and transplanted to another person legally either with consent when a person is alive or with the permission of next of kin when a person has died. Organ donation is usually done as a transplant where organs are transplanted to another person or for research.  Common transplantations are kidneys, heart, livers, pancreas, lungs, bones, bone marrow, skin, and corneas. Some organ donations such as kidneys or a part of the liver are done when a person is alive and is called living donation. Most organ donations are done when a person is dead and is called a deceased cadaver donation.

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According to studies 5 lakh, people die every year while waiting for organs.  There is a huge shortfall in the number of organs donated to the people on the waiting list of a transplant. The number of people waiting for a corneal transplant is over 10 lakh. Organ donation can play a huge role in saving lives. The country can do a lot more to encourage people to donate organs. The government is looking for ways to boost organ transplant has declared 13th August as organ donation day.
Organ transplant often means a second chance in life. Vital organs such as kidneys, heart, and lungs can be transplanted to people whose organs are failing. This could mean allowing the patient to lead a normal life and no longer being dependent on costly treatment to survive. A cornea transplant can help the blind see again.

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At a meeting of think tanks in Ahmedabad doctors and activists in 2018, they tried to look for ways to improve the coordination to make the organ donation movement a success. One of the ideas discussed was to increase the involvement of ICU doctors in the program because they can identify brain dead patients and act as transplant coordinators.

In 2018 Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital (KDAH) Mumbai managed to convince the kin of 11 brain dead patients for organ donation. The hospital revealed having a transplant coordinator being a doctor helped in their efforts. Hospitals have also set up transplant units. A successful organ donation movement needs the public and private health sector to work together.

Hospitals need to form a counseling unit to counsel families before and after donation for some time. Hospitals are working together to form a network of cadaver organ transplants to improve coordination. Chennai has shown success after implementing the network. This model can be implemented in other cities as well. There are several advantages to forming a network.

  • A larger pool of donors resulted in better-matched organs
  • Organ donation is expensive the cadaver needs to be maintained and the added expenses of the retrieval surgery. The network will help in distributing the costs.
  • The network will ensure organs are not wasted. 
  • It will ensure there are standardized retrieval and perfusion techniques. Hospitals in Chennai have shown great success in transplanting organs to other parts of the country.
  • The network will allow hospitals to share expertise and staff.
  • Donor families are less apprehensive about donation if the organs are shared between different hospitals.
  • The network will ensure legal accountability and will be less prone to exploitation.

Problems such as the nonavailability of recipients and wastage of organs are being worked on.  NGOs and the government are working together to remove the stigma associated with organ donation.

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text 2020-02-21 07:05
What is Respiratory Syncytial Virus? How do you prevent it?

 

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common virus that causes cold symptoms. People usually recover in a week or two, but the elderly and infants are at higher risks.
 
RSV rarely causes any serious damage but can cause lung infection. RSV is the most common cause of both bronchitis and pneumonia in infants. RSV is a very common virus and affects almost all infants.
 
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Symptoms
 
People usually show symptoms of the respiratory syncytial virus 4 to 6 days after being exposed. Symptoms of RSV include:-
  • Congested and runny nose
  • Dry cough
  • Sore throat
  • Sneezing
  • Fever
  • Wheezing
Your symptoms appear in phases. Infants with RSV may be irritable, sluggish, and have breathing difficulties. RSV can cause severe infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. 
 
Book a pediatrician near me if your child is at risk of severe infection shows any of the following symptoms: – has difficulty breathing, a high fever, the skin is turning blue (the lips or the nail beds) and has a poor appetite.
 
You can take an appointment with the best gynecologist in Ahmedabad if required.
 
Causes
 
RSV is a viral infection that spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes. RSV is an airborne virus and we get infected through nose, eyes, and mouth. An infected person is contagious in the first few days though the virus may spread for a few weeks.
 
The risk of contracting RSV infection is heightened in the following cases:-
  • Crowded places where you may encounter an infected person.
  • Adults with asthma, heart problems, and lung diseases.
  • People with a low immune system.
  • Premature babies or with infants under 6 months.
  • Exposure to other children in daycare or school.
Diagnosis
 
The best pediatrician in Ahmedabad will ask you about your child’s symptoms and medical history. During the physical examination, the pediatrician near me will listen to your lungs using a stethoscope to check for wheezing or any other irregular sounds.
 
Laboratory or imaging tests are usually not needed.  In case there are any complications the following tests may be ordered by the best pediatrician in Ahmedabad:-
  • Blood tests at home to check CBC (complete blood count) to test white cell count or to test for bacteria, viruses or any other infection.
  • Chest x-ray to look for a lung infection.
  • A swab of secretions from inside the mouth or nose to check for signs of the virus
  • Pulse oximetry to detect oxygen levels in the blood.
Treatment
 
Mild RSV needs no specific treatment. The best pediatricians in Ahmedabad prescribe over-the-counter medication to help with the symptoms. Clearing the mucus from your babies’ nose may help with the congestion.  Staying hydrated and resting helps children recover faster.
 
RSV can lead to bronchitis or pneumonia the best pediatrician in Ahmedabad may recommend hospitalization. Intravenous fluid, oxygen, and humidified air may be required during hospitalization. In severe cases, the doctor near me may recommend a ventilator.  In a rare case, the pediatrician may recommend inhaled medication.
 
Prevention
 
There are no vaccines available for RSV. But some simple precaution can prevent the spread of the infection
  • Wash your hands frequently
  • Limit your infant or child’s exposure to sick people. Don’t send your sick child or infant to school or daycare.
  • Keep countertops in your kitchen and bathroom clean. Dispose of used tissue immediately.
  • Avoid sharing cups and drinking glasses.
  • Wash your child’s toys regularly.
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text 2020-02-14 10:17
Effects of heavy school bags



One of the enduring images of children going to school in India is the huge enormous school bags strapped on to their tiny backs. Indian schools are high-pressure institutions. Schools have a packed curriculum with academic and non-academic activities.
 
According to health experts, over 60% of schoolchildren in India have suffered back and neck pain and slouched postures.
 
Children have bones are soft till they are 18 and the spine is not firm enough to carry heavy weights on their backs and shoulder. Children often carry their bags on one shoulder leading to muscle strain, muscle spasm, and back pain.
 
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Why are school bags heavy?
 
According to a survey, an Indian school child in the age group of 7-13 carried over 45% of their weight on their backs. This included lunch boxes, water bottles, sports kits, and art kits. 
 
Children complained of being forced to carry all their books every day. A child in this age bracket carried over 21 books a day.  
 
The weight of the school bag weighed anything between 4 to 10 kg. Children especially rural school children walk for kilometers with their heavy school bags.
 
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Effects of heavy school bags
 
A study carried by Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry, India showed 68% of pre-teen children suffer from mild back pain this may later develop into chronic back pain and slouched shoulders. An overloaded or incorrectly worn schoolbag causes the child to lean too far forward, distorting the natural curvature of the spine, rolling their shoulders and causing more rounded backs. Children who carry their bags on one shoulder, might have an uneven gait and suffer from neck pain.
 
Studies found 42% of students in Gujarat complained of shoulder discomfort while 23.9% complained of neck pain. While 68% of children complained about back pain.
 
Doctors are worried children are at higher risk of early spondylitis and have severe back pain. There are also risks of chronic back pain and spinal damage. Heavy school bags are also mentally draining and children feel tired all the time.
 
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Symptoms parents need to be careful about.
 
Signs parents need to lookout for:-
  • Watching your child’s posture discomfort sitting
  • Tiredness in the shoulder or upper back
  • Constant neck pain or shoulders.
  • Parents need to consult the best doctors near me if the pain persists for more than 4 weeks.
Solutions
The Central government has issued limits for bag weight class wise
Class Bag Weight
1 to 2 1.5 kg
3 to 5 2 to 3 kg
6 to 7 4 kg
7 to 9 4.5 kg
10 5 kg
 
The government also recommends no homework should be given to children below class 2. School can gradually increase homework as the child grows older. Most state governments have issued similar guidelines to schools. Officials carry out random checks to see if schools are complying with the norms laid out.
 
Parents can help by choosing ergonomically efficient school bags, with the strap resting in the middle of the shoulder and backpack proportional to the child’s frame. Pack the bag as per the schedule of the day.. It is advisable to put the heavier books in the back and distribute the weight evenly. Children can carry their tiffin and water bottles in a different bag.
 
We need to teach our children to carry their schoolbags correctly. Using both straps will ensure even weight distribution. Adjusted backpack strap fits the child’s back. A dangling backpack can lead to complications such as spinal misalignment and pain.
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text 2020-02-03 05:32
Regular Pesticides connected to heart sicknesses
Pesticides are used to control the menace of pests and vermin. Pesticides are sprayed in agriculture to control weeds, diseases, and prevent insect and vermin infestation. Pests can cause large scale damage to crops and spread serious diseases as well. According to estimate 26 to 40% of crops are lost annually due to weeds, pests, and diseases. The adverse effects of pesticides are well known. Pesticides are poisons it can cause short term damage to our health or long term damage due to prolonged exposure. 
 
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Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiovascular disease is an ailment of the heart or blood vessels. It is generally associated with deposits inside the arteries and an increased possibility of stroke. Pesticides can cause lipid peroxidation which can cause heart diseases. This peroxidation causes plaque build-up inside the arteries. Chronic exposure to pesticides is linked to an increased risk of coronary artery diseases that can cause heart attacks or strokes.  
 
Men exposed to a high level of pesticides at work are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Farmers, workers who work in pesticide factories and home pest control exterminators are particularly vulnerable. Pesticides can enter the food chain through contaminated water or food.  
 
Pyrethroid insecticide is a common insecticide used in agriculture, public spaces, and households around the world. The chemical accounts for 30% of pesticides worldwide. Pyrethroids enter our bodies through inhalation, ingestion of contaminated water or food, or skin absorption. Forms of pyrethroids can be found in the urine of people exposed to the pesticide. 
 
During the research, the University of Iowa people who have been exposed to pyrethroids are thrice as likely to die from cardiovascular disease. This was collaborated by the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program which had a large sample size of 8000 people. The study was conducted for over 34 years. The exposure to pesticides was estimated using a scale from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration that assess occupational exposure for each job. Researchers compared to men who were not exposed to pesticides at work, in the first 10-year follow-up found:-
  • Approximately 45% of higher risk of heart disease of people who had high-risk exposure. This was adjusted to 42% taking into account other medical factors
  • There was no significant correlation between low to moderate exposure to pesticides.
 The result of pesticides can be found years after exposure. By studying time lags scientist found the maximum effect of pesticide exposure on cardiovascular disease was in the first ten years. The result may vary for women who respond differently to pesticide exposure. Previous studies have indicated that women respond differently to exposure. It has been suggested that hormones may impact the effect of pesticide exposure. These studies have been replicated in Taiwan. 
 
Health care professionals need to be aware of the occupational exposure risks of pesticides at work. The effect of short term and medium-term exposure needs to be studied. There needs to be a reduction in exposure to pesticides alternative farming methods need to be studied by focusing on a more ecological approach. Personal protective equipment should be used while handling pesticides to limit exposure. Protective equipment includes special suits, hats, gloves, shoes, eyewear, and respirators.  Farmers and pest control workers must be well versed in handling these dangerous chemicals. 
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text 2020-01-25 06:26
Understanding Tuberculosis: 6 Facts to Know

Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease usually affecting the lungs. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death from infectious agents and has caused over 1.5 million deaths in 2018. The bacteria causing tuberculosis or TV spread via tiny droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

 

There are two kinds of tuberculosis infections

 

  • Latent TB the bacteria remain in an inactive state in the body. Latent TB shows no symptoms and is not contagious. But can become active. Treatment is important to prevent the spread of TB.
  • Active TB the bacteria are active, cause symptom and is contagious. Symptoms occur a few weeks after being infected or may occur years later.

Symptoms

 

Symptoms of a person having active TB can vary but typical symptoms are:-

  • Fever
  • Night sweats. Persistent cough lasting for three or more weeks
  • Coughing up blood
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Lack of appetite
  • Constant fatigue

Tuberculosis can affect other parts of your body like kidneys, spine or brain. The symptoms may vary depending on the organ affected.

You need to go to the best general physician in Ahmedabad, if you show any of the classics signs of the diseases. These symptoms can be caused by other disease but your doctor needs to diagnose your condition to determine the cause.

 

Causes

 

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium causes dreaded diseases. The disease is spread through contaminated droplets in the air. These droplets spread when the infected person coughs, sneezes, talks or spits. The risk of getting infected is higher if you live or work with someone infected.  People who have received treatment for at least 2 weeks are no longer contagious.

 

Diagnosis

 

The best doctor in Ahmedabad, will check your lymph nodes for signs of swelling and use a stethoscope to check your breathing. TB can be detected through a skin test or TB blood test.

 

  • During the skin test, a small amount of fluid called tuberculin is injected into the top layer of your skin. The results usually appear 48 to 72 hrs after the injection was administered. If there are bumps or thickening of the skin at the site where the injection was administered you may be infected. This test is not definitive and can show positive results if you have recently received the TB vaccine.
  • The best doctor near me may order blood tests at home to investigate the presence or absence of the TB bacteria.
  • Imaging tests like an X-ray may be ordered if you have a positive result for the skin test.
  • Sputum tests or mucus tests are used to determine if you are infected with active TB.

Treatment

 

Treating tuberculosis is different than a traditional bacterial infection. The best doctors in Ahmedabad will prescribe antibiotics that need to be taken for 6 to 9 months. The length of the treatment may vary depending on your overall health, whether the TB is active or latent, the location of the infection, and the possibility of drug resistance. Latent TB can be treated with antibiotics while active TB is treated with multiple medications.

 

After your symptoms recede and you begin to feel better you may be tempted to discontinue your medication but it is important to complete the full course of treatment following the instructions of the doctor near me. Stopping medication or missing a dose could lead to drug-resistant TB which is much tougher to treat.

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